Lesson 10
Not for jazz
不适于演奏爵士乐
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
★jazz n. 爵士音乐
a kind of music
★musical adj. 音乐的
music student : the student who learned music
musical student :有音乐天赋的
★instrument n. 乐器
instrument=musical instrument
★clavichord n. 古钢琴
a kind of instrument
★recently adv. 最近
recently=lately
★damage v. 损坏
★key n. 琴键
key to the door
Do you know the key(答案） to the question?
key(关键)structure
★string n. （乐器的）弦
★shock v. 使不悦或生气，震惊
跟人的情绪有关的动词的宾语往往是＂人＂
The news shocks me
凡是能够用＂人＂做宾语，又是表示人的情绪活动的动词，有两个形容词形成：
1.令人……；+ -ing 2.感到…… + -ed
It shocked me.
It is shocking.
I'm shocked.
get a shock n.
sb.get a shock
surprise 好事坏事都可以，只要你没有料到 I want to give you surprise.
shock 只能是坏事,让人感到不高兴
★allow v. 允许，让
allow doing
Smoking is allowed.
allow sb. to do sth
sb.be allowed to do sth.
You are allow to smoke
You are not allow to enter the room if you don't take the card with you
allow用被动
★touch v. 触摸，碰
First listen and then answer the question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What happened to the clavichord?
We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord. It was made in Germany in 1681. Our clavichord is kept in the living room. It has belonged to our family for a long time. The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. My father was shocked. Now we are not allowed to touch it. It is being repaired by a friend of my father's.
参考译文
我家有件古乐器，被称作古钢琴，是1681年德国造的。我们的这架古钢琴存放在起居室里。我们家有这件乐器已经很久了， 是我祖父在很多年以前买的。可它最近被一个客人弄坏了，因为她用它来弹奏爵士乐。她在击琴键时用力过猛，损坏了两根琴弦。我父亲大为吃惊，不许我们再动它。父亲的一个朋友正在修理这件乐器。
【课文讲解】
be done
call sb.sth.
sb.be called
be made
be made in +地点
be made of/be made from(看不出原料/多种原料）:由……制造（材料）
The ring is made of gold.
It is made from plastic.
be made into:被……制成
The gold is made into a ring.
is done:被动语态的一般现在时
was done:被动语态的一般过去时
使用那一个不取决于动词，而取决于该句话的时态
只要见到ago,一定使用过去时
主动语态的主语变到被动语态中要在前面加by
play: 1.跟球类连用，直接＋球类；2.跟乐器连用，＋the+乐器
play music on + 乐器
hard: 修饰动作程度的重和深
汉语中习惯用主动形式，英语中习惯用被动形式
be+动词的ing形式：进行时态
be+done: 被动语态
be being done：被动语态的现在进行时
be动词有多少种时态，被动语态就有多少种
have been done
will be done
can be done
had been done
is/am/are/was/were/ done
I will make a cake./Tomorrow the cake will be made.
The cake has been made.
The cake was made.
The cake had been made.
强调对象是人用主动，强调对象是物用被动，被强调的部分永远做主语
双重所有格／双重属格：名词＋of＋名词所有格（名词性的物主代词）
只有一张照片 my photo
很多照片中的一张 a photo of mine
It happened to a friend of mine.
【Special difficulties】
Exercise A
1.of 2.in 3.from
Exercise B
1.He borrowed a record of mine.
2.She showed me a picture of John's
3.It was an idea of hers.
4.A letter of yours was found on my desk.
5.Some friends of theirs came to see me.
双重属格结构：
"a friend of my father"
"my father's friend(s)" ……只有一个（很多）朋友
"a friend of my father's" √
强调很多当中的一个或几个的时候，选用双重属格结构
【Multiple choice questions】
7....A
"we are not allowed to touch it."不被允许
肯定结构中must和have to是一个感念
否定结构中must和have to就不一样了
mustn't:不准，不可以
have to的否定：不必(have实意动词）……don't have to
You don't have to go to school.
You mustn't go to school.
9....A
keep(kept,kept):保持；保存
keep sth.+地点：在某地放...（状态）
put:放（动作）
That's where
That's后面＋以特殊疑问词引导的从句
That's why:那就是...的原因
That's where:那就是...地点
lift:举起
carry:扛着，背着，抱着
hold:拥有，持有，握着
have:拥有
10....C
"damaged"……可以修复
destroy……无法修复
pain……有身体的疼痛
hurt……hurt oneself／身体的某个部位/feelings: 受伤,伤害
身体的某个部位＋hurt: ...疼痛
My hand hurts.
My leg hurts.
Hurt my leg.
broke——打破，打断，打碎
I broke my leg.